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Ma Yuan
(14 b.c.e.– 49 c.e.) Chinese general
Ma Yuan came from a famous family in northwestern
China. Civil war raged in China after the death of the
usurper Wang Mang in 23 c.e. A powerful general in
the Wei River region, he joined the newly proclaimed
emperor Guangwu (Kuang-wu), founder of the Eastern
Han dynasty (23–220 c.e.) with these words: “In
present times, it is not only the sovereign who selects
his subjects. The subjects also select their sovereign.”
At about the same time, another regional leader, and
rival of Ma, named Dou Rong (Tou Jung), also joined
Emperor Guangwu’s cause. The Ma and Dou factions
would be rivals for years to come.
Ma Yuan distinguished himself in campaigns
against tribal people along several frontiers. The fi rst
was against the Qiang (Chiang), proto-Tibetans living
in the northwest. After defeating the Qiang he settled
many of them in the territory of the Han empire. This
policy was motivated by several factors: to prevent
them f
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