Metagenomics retrospect and prospects

  • In recent years, metagenomics has emerged as a powerful tool for mining of hidden microbial treasure in a culture independent manner.
  • Metagenomics is the function-based or sequence-based culture independent analysis of metagenomes trapped from a wide range of habitats.
  • In this review, we will examine the current accomplishments, efficacy, and restrictions of mNGS in relation to conventional diagnostic methods.

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    Abstract

    In recent years, metagenomics has emerged as a powerful tool for mining of hidden microbial treasure in a culture independent manner. In the last two decades, metagenomics has been applied extensively to exploit concealed potential of microbial communities from almost all sorts of habitats. A brief historic progress made over the period is discussed in terms of origin of metagenomics to its current state and also the discovery of novel biological functions of commercial importance from metagenomes of diverse habitats. The present review also highlights the paradigm shift of metagenomics from basic study of community composition to insight into the microbial community dynamics for harnessing the full potential of uncultured microbes with more emphasis on the implication of breakthrough developments, namely, Next Generation Sequencing, advanced bioinformatics tools, and systems biology.

    1. Introduction

    Despite the exhaustive knowledge of intricate molecular mechanisms of m

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    Clinical metagenomics—challenges and future prospects

    1. Introduction

    1.1. Overview of the limitations of routine diagnostics for pathogen detection

    Conventionally, the clinical detection of pathogens is based on the isolation and cultivation of organisms (Fournier et al., 2014). Once cultivated, these organisms are typically characterized using biochemical tests, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, nucleic acid amplification, or immunological testing (Carroll et al., 2019). Culture-dependent methods are considered the “gold standard” for diagnosis of infectious diseases in clinics but it may take several days to weeks to cultivate slow-growing organisms. Also, prior exposure to antibiotics can impair the sensitivity of culturing, thus missing cases of treatable diseases (Govender et al., 2021).

    Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used molecular diagnostic method in clinical laboratories that can rapidly detect the presence or

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    Metagenomics: Retrospect and Prospects in High Throughput Age

    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Biotechnology Research International Volume 2015, Article ID 121735, 13 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/121735 Review Article Metagenomics: Retrospect and Prospects in High Throughput Age Satish Kumar,1 Kishore Kumar Krishnani,1 Bharat Bhushan,2 and Manoj Pandit Brahmane1 1 ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, Maharashtra 413115, India ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, Abohar Station, Punjab 152116, India 2 Correspondence should be addressed to Bharat Bhushan; buddingbiochemist@gmail.com Received 13 July 2015; Accepted 26 October 2015 Academic Editor: Manuel Canovas Copyright © 2015 Satish Kumar et al. This fryst vatten an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In rece

  • metagenomics retrospect and prospects